Mathematics
AREAS OF EMPHASIS
The FLDOE has created the areas of emphasis for each grade level/course within the B.E.S.T. Mathematics Standards to provided clarity on major mathematical topics and key content studnets should master by the end of that year.
Click on the grade level tabs to read about the areas of emaphsis for each grade level/course.
In Kindergarten, instructional time will emphasize three areas:
(1) developing an understanding of counting to represent the total number of objects in a set and to order the objects within a set;
(2) developing an understanding of addition and subtraction and the relationship of these operations to counting and
(3) measuring, comparing and categorizing objects according to various attributes, including their two- and three-dimensional shapes.
In Grade 1, instructional time will emphasize four areas:
(1) understanding the place value of tens and ones within two-digit whole numbers;
(2) extending understanding of addition and subtraction and the relationship between them;
(3) developing an understanding of measurement of physical objects, money and time and
(4) categorizing, composing and decomposing geometric figures.
In Grade 2, instructional time will emphasize four areas:
(1) extending understanding of place value in three-digit numbers;
(2) building fluency and algebraic reasoning with addition and subtraction;
(3) extending understanding of measurement of objects, time and the perimeter of geometric figures and
(4) developing spatial reasoning with number representations and two-dimensional figures.
In Grade 3, instructional time will emphasize four areas:
(1) adding and subtracting multi-digit whole numbers, including using a standard algorithm;
(2) building an understanding of multiplication and division, the relationship between them and the connection to area of rectangles;
(3) developing an understanding of fractions and
(4) extending geometric reasoning to lines and attributes of quadrilaterals.
In Grade 4, instructional time will emphasize four areas:
(1) extending understanding of multi-digit multiplication and division;
(2) developing the relationship between fractions and decimals and beginning operations with both;
(3) classifying and measuring angles and (4) developing an understanding for interpreting data to include mode, median and range.
In Grade 5, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) multiplying and dividing multi-digit whole numbers, including using a standard algorithm;
(2) adding and subtracting fractions and decimals with procedural fluency, developing an understanding of multiplication and division of fractions and decimals;
(3) developing an understanding of the coordinate plane and plotting pairs of numbers in the first quadrant;
(4) extending geometric reasoning to include volume and
(5) extending understanding of data to include the mean.
In Grade 6, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) performing all four operations with integers, positive decimals and positive fractions with procedural fluency;
(2) exploring and applying concepts of ratios, rates and percent to solve problems;
(3) creating, interpreting and using expressions and equations;
(4) extending geometric reasoning to plotting points on the coordinate plane, area and volume of geometric figures and
(5) extending understanding of statistical thinking.
In Grade 7, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) recognizing that fractions, decimals and percentages are different representations of rational numbers and performing all four operations with rational numbers with procedural fluency;
(2) creating equivalent expressions and solving equations and inequalities;
(3) developing understanding of and applying proportional relationships in two variables;
(4) extending analysis of two- and three-dimensional figures to include circles and cylinders and
(5) representing and comparing categorical and numerical data and developing understanding of probability.
In Grade 8, instructional time will emphasize six areas:
(1) representing numbers in scientific notation and extending the set of numbers to the system of real numbers, which includes irrational numbers;
(2) generate equivalent numeric and algebraic expressions including using the Laws of Exponents;
(3) creating and reasoning about linear relationships including modeling an association in bivariate data with a linear equation;
(4) solving linear equations, inequalities and systems of linear equations;
(5) developing an understanding of the concept of a function and
(6) analyzing two-dimensional figures, particularly triangles, using distance, angle and applying the Pythagorean Theorem.
In Algebra 1, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) performing operations with polynomials and radicals, and extending the Laws of Exponents to include rational exponents;
(2) extending understanding of functions to linear, quadratic and exponential functions and using them to model and analyze real-world relationships;
(3) solving quadratic equations in one variable and systems of linear equations and inequalities in two variables;
(4) building functions, identifying their key features and representing them in various ways and
(5) representing and interpreting categorical and numerical data with one and two variables.
In Geometry, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) proving and applying relationships and theorems involving two-dimensional figures using Euclidean geometry and coordinate geometry;
(2) establishing congruence and similarity using criteria from Euclidean geometry and using rigid transformations;
(3) extending knowledge of geometric measurement to two-dimensional figures and three-dimensional figures;
(4) creating and applying equations of circles in the coordinate plane and
(5) developing an understanding of right triangle trigonometry.
In Mathematics for Data and Financial Literacy, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) extending knowledge of ratios, proportions and functions to data and financial contexts;
(2) developing understanding of basic economic and accounting principles;
(3) determining advantages and disadvantages of credit accounts and short- and long-term loans;
(4) developing understanding of planning for the future through investments, insurance and retirement plans and
(5) extending knowledge of data analysis to create and evaluate reports and to make predictions.
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Click on the grade level tabs to read about the areas of emaphsis for each grade level/course.
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In Kindergarten, instructional time will emphasize three areas:
(1) developing an understanding of counting to represent the total number of objects in a set and to order the objects within a set;
(2) developing an understanding of addition and subtraction and the relationship of these operations to counting and
(3) measuring, comparing and categorizing objects according to various attributes, including their two- and three-dimensional shapes.
In Grade 1, instructional time will emphasize four areas:
(1) understanding the place value of tens and ones within two-digit whole numbers;
(2) extending understanding of addition and subtraction and the relationship between them;
(3) developing an understanding of measurement of physical objects, money and time and
(4) categorizing, composing and decomposing geometric figures.
In Grade 2, instructional time will emphasize four areas:
(1) extending understanding of place value in three-digit numbers;
(2) building fluency and algebraic reasoning with addition and subtraction;
(3) extending understanding of measurement of objects, time and the perimeter of geometric figures and
(4) developing spatial reasoning with number representations and two-dimensional figures.
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In Grade 3, instructional time will emphasize four areas:
(1) adding and subtracting multi-digit whole numbers, including using a standard algorithm;
(2) building an understanding of multiplication and division, the relationship between them and the connection to area of rectangles;
(3) developing an understanding of fractions and
(4) extending geometric reasoning to lines and attributes of quadrilaterals.
In Grade 4, instructional time will emphasize four areas:
(1) extending understanding of multi-digit multiplication and division;
(2) developing the relationship between fractions and decimals and beginning operations with both;
(3) classifying and measuring angles and (4) developing an understanding for interpreting data to include mode, median and range.
In Grade 5, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) multiplying and dividing multi-digit whole numbers, including using a standard algorithm;
(2) adding and subtracting fractions and decimals with procedural fluency, developing an understanding of multiplication and division of fractions and decimals;
(3) developing an understanding of the coordinate plane and plotting pairs of numbers in the first quadrant;
(4) extending geometric reasoning to include volume and
(5) extending understanding of data to include the mean.
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In Grade 6, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) performing all four operations with integers, positive decimals and positive fractions with procedural fluency;
(2) exploring and applying concepts of ratios, rates and percent to solve problems;
(3) creating, interpreting and using expressions and equations;
(4) extending geometric reasoning to plotting points on the coordinate plane, area and volume of geometric figures and
(5) extending understanding of statistical thinking.
In Grade 7, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) recognizing that fractions, decimals and percentages are different representations of rational numbers and performing all four operations with rational numbers with procedural fluency;
(2) creating equivalent expressions and solving equations and inequalities;
(3) developing understanding of and applying proportional relationships in two variables;
(4) extending analysis of two- and three-dimensional figures to include circles and cylinders and
(5) representing and comparing categorical and numerical data and developing understanding of probability.
In Grade 8, instructional time will emphasize six areas:
(1) representing numbers in scientific notation and extending the set of numbers to the system of real numbers, which includes irrational numbers;
(2) generate equivalent numeric and algebraic expressions including using the Laws of Exponents;
(3) creating and reasoning about linear relationships including modeling an association in bivariate data with a linear equation;
(4) solving linear equations, inequalities and systems of linear equations;
(5) developing an understanding of the concept of a function and
(6) analyzing two-dimensional figures, particularly triangles, using distance, angle and applying the Pythagorean Theorem.
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In Algebra 1, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) performing operations with polynomials and radicals, and extending the Laws of Exponents to include rational exponents;
(2) extending understanding of functions to linear, quadratic and exponential functions and using them to model and analyze real-world relationships;
(3) solving quadratic equations in one variable and systems of linear equations and inequalities in two variables;
(4) building functions, identifying their key features and representing them in various ways and
(5) representing and interpreting categorical and numerical data with one and two variables.
-
In Geometry, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) proving and applying relationships and theorems involving two-dimensional figures using Euclidean geometry and coordinate geometry;
(2) establishing congruence and similarity using criteria from Euclidean geometry and using rigid transformations;
(3) extending knowledge of geometric measurement to two-dimensional figures and three-dimensional figures;
(4) creating and applying equations of circles in the coordinate plane and
(5) developing an understanding of right triangle trigonometry.
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In Mathematics for Data and Financial Literacy, instructional time will emphasize five areas:
(1) extending knowledge of ratios, proportions and functions to data and financial contexts;
(2) developing understanding of basic economic and accounting principles;
(3) determining advantages and disadvantages of credit accounts and short- and long-term loans;
(4) developing understanding of planning for the future through investments, insurance and retirement plans and
(5) extending knowledge of data analysis to create and evaluate reports and to make predictions.
FLORIDA K-12 MATHEMATICAL THINKING AND REASONING STANDARDS
Florida students are expected to engage with mathematics through the Mathematical Thinking and Reasoning (MTR) Standards. The MTR Standards promote deeper learning and understanding of mathematics. Click on each MTR Standard to discover what it means and how you can support that mathematical thinking at home.
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What does that mean?
Cultivating a growth mindset in learners to overcome math challenges on our own or as part of a group.
In math today, I did not give up!
In math today, I explained my reasoning to others!
How can I support mathematical thinking at home?- Encourage your child to shift their thinking from statements like “I’m just not good at math” to “I can do this, I just need practice!” or “I can get better at this!” Remind them that struggling productively is part of learning, not a sign of failure.
- Create a comfortable, supportive learning environment at home where your child can focus on their math work.
- Celebrate their effort! Maybe the answer is incorrect, but we can encourage children with statements like “I’m proud of how hard you worked to solve the problem by trying each step!”
- Ask your student to walk you through how they solved a problem step by step.
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Encourage them to compare their method to a solution online – what’s the same, what’s different?
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What does that mean?
If a student can show you multiple ways to solve a problem, then you can be confident that the student has demonstrated understanding of that problem.
In math today, I tried more than 1 way to solve!
In math today, I used a graph to explain my solution!
How can I support mathematical thinking at home?
- Ask questions like:
- How could you use a drawing, table, number sentence, graph, etc to show your thinking?
- Which tool would be best for this problem?
- How can you represent the problem with symbols and numbers?
- Can you create a representation of the problem?
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Encourage secondary students to graph algebraic solutions in Desmos to confirm their answers.
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Connect to real life: budgets, sports stats, or science data often require multiple representations.
- Ask questions like:
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What does that mean?
This MTR refers to the fluidity at which a student might move between strategies to solve problems and asks them to determine the most efficient strategy.
In math today, I thought about the best way to solve!
In math today, I chose the quickest way to solve accurately!
How can I support mathematical thinking at home?- Ask questions like:
- Is this working, or do you need to change your model?
- Can you find a shortcut to solve the problem? How would your shortcut make the problem easier?
- Practice math facts in a fun way by using games, flash cards, or incorporating it into your daily routines.
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Challenge them to solve problems two different ways and decide which is more efficient.
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Practice estimation and mental math for speed and accuracy.
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Connect fluency to real-world scenarios like unit pricing, cooking conversions, or taxes.
- Ask questions like:
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What does that mean?
students must be able to communicate ideas, analyze others’ thinking, compare strategies, recognize errors and propose solutions, justify results, and construct arguments.
In math today, I talked about my thinking!
In math today, I thought about why my answer makes sense!
How can I support mathematical thinking at home?
- Model thinking aloud to solve problems and then have your child think-aloud to you for solving another problem.
- Ask questions like:
- What is this problem asking?
- How could you start this problem?
- What are you having trouble with?
- How can you check this?
- How did you solve this problem?
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Encourage them to look back at mistakes—what went wrong, and how could they fix it?
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Connect math reflection to real life (e.g., checking the accuracy of a receipt or sports statistic).
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What does that mean?
Connecting similarities and differences between big mathematical concepts (for example, the relationship between multiplication, division, fractions, and ratios).
In math today, I looked for patterns!
In math today, I chose the right tool to make solving easier!
How can I support mathematical thinking at home?
- Encourage your child to recognize patterns in everyday life such as arrangement of tiles, repeating design in nature (like pine trees in rows), and daily routines.
- Practice with patterns in numbers by skip counting by 2s, 5s, 10s, or by even/odd numbers.
- Recognize patterns through playing board games that count steps or matching games, completing puzzles, or building with pattern blocks.
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Encourage secondary students to explore tech tools like Desmos or graphing calculators.
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Compare results when using different tools—are they the same, faster, or more accurate?
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What does that mean?
Students reflect upon their solution and decide if the answer is reasonable.
In math today, I checked that my answer was right!
In math today, I showed my steps and explained my thinking!
How can I support mathematical thinking at home?
- Encourage your child to ask themselves the following questions:
- Does my answer make sense? Why or why not?
- How can I check this?
- How do I know my answer is correct?
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Encourage them to “teach back” a problem to you or a sibling.
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Discuss how math communication is important in real-world jobs (engineering, medicine, finance).
- Encourage your child to ask themselves the following questions:
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What does that mean?
Math is more than numbers and problems on a page, we use it in our everyday lives.
In math today, I know why I learned what I did!
In math today, I solved a problem that connects to the real world!
How can I support mathematical thinking at home?- Have your child apply math skills to everyday tasks like cooking, timing tasks, shopping/budgeting, counting out items, planning a trip, analyzing data, etc.
- Discuss with your child ways that you use math at home or at work. Point out math in daily life: discounts, gas mileage, sports stats, or recipe conversions. Ask: “Where would you use this type of math outside of school?”
- Involve math in conversations about your hobbies or planning events such as birthday parties.
MATHEMATICAL FLUENCY
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B.E.S.T. Mathematics Parent Resources
Resources straight from the Florida Department of Education.
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K-4 Mathematics Deficiency Portal
FLDOE has launched a website to provide parents and families with direct access to high-quality, easy-to-use resources that support students identified with a substantial deficiency in mathematics in grades K-4.
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CPALMS Florida Students
Visit FloridaStudents.org for free resources, including student tutorials, to support your learning.
For any questions or concerns regarding mathematics and/or science instruction or resources, please contact the Coordinator of Math and Science, Michelle Eastman, at michelle.eastman@levyk12.org or 352-486-5231.